CRISPR Genome Editing Market - Global Industry Analysis

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Methodology

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Genome editing techniques refer to addition, deletion, or alteration of genomic DNA sequence at particular locations. CRISPR/Cas9 is a short form for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9. CRISPR sequences are palindromic in nature which means that the nucleotide sequence is the same in both the directions. Originally, CRISPR is a bacterial defense system in which the bacteria retain snippets of DNA from viruses. These CRISPR arrays help identify and destroy closely related virus DNA from future attacks. Bacteria use Cas9 enzyme to cut foreign DNA from viruses and thus disables the viral infection.

Similar mechanism from bacterial defense system is used in the laboratory. RNA with short guide sequence is synthesized in the laboratory. This RNA is also capable of binding to the Cas9 enzyme. The guide sequence on RNA helps to identify and bind a specific sequence in the genomic DNA. Thus RNA binds to a targeted sequence in the genomic DNA which is then cut by the Cas9 enzyme at the targeted region. Cell’s own DNA repair machinery is used to edit the genome. The sequence of DNA is added, deleted or replaced with a sequence of interest. Currently, the CRISPR genomic editing tool is in its infancy and is used in cell and animal models. 

Ethical concerns are raised in editing human genomic sequence. In human, genomic editing is limited to the somatic cell level. Editing of germline cells will lead to changes in gene sequences at the embryo level, which could be passed on to future generations. Genome editing at the germline level is illegal in many countries owing to ethical safety and concern. However, genome editing has huge potential in the management of various disorders such as hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, heart disease, sickle cell disease, cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and mental illness. Owing to potential benefits of CRISPR gene editing technique in complex disorders, it has gained global interest in commercialization of CRISPR gene editing products and leading market players have received large investments and venture capitals for its development and commercialization.

Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALENS), meganucleases and zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) are traditional gene-editing technologies. However, design complexity, restrictions in multiple mutations and transfection inefficiencies are few of the drawbacks of these traditional gene-editing techniques. CRISPR technique, on the other hand, is comparatively more accurate, faster and efficient gene editing tool. Although the ethical concerns limit the use of CRISPR genome editing in human, further research and technological advancements would make its use possible in the diagnosis and treatment of complex disorders. 

Novel drug discovery initiatives by pharmaceutical and biotech companies drive the market growth. Other factors contributing to the market growth are late pregnancies causing birth disorders, rising demand for synthetic genes, huge investments in research and development, technological advancements in the field of molecular biology. Nevertheless, ethical issues pertaining to misuse of genome editing is a major concern and may hamper the market growth. Inadequate awareness and availability of other gene editing tools can restrict the growth of global CRISPR genome editing market. Developing contract research organizations (CRO) market in developing nations like India act as an opportunity for CRISPR genome editing market.

The global CRISPR genome editing market has been segmented based on applications, end-user, and region. Various applications of CRISPR genome editing market are genome editing, genetic engineering, gene library, human stem cells, and others. Other segment includes applications in genetically modified crops and organisms, cell line engineering. Genome editing segment holds the maximum share of the application segment. End users for CRISPR Genome Editing market are biotechnology companies, pharmaceutical companies and other. Other end users included in the report are academic research centers, research institutes etc. 
 
North America region will lead the market during the forecast period. Advanced technology and healthcare infrastructure, government fund, and continuous research and development will promote the growth of the market in this region. Second largest market during the forecast period will be Europe, whereas Asia Pacific region will grow at the fastest rate. Favorable government fund for research and development, increased investments in healthcare research by biotech and pharmaceutical companies are some of the factors propelling the growth of the CRISPR genome editing market in this region. Latin America market is anticipated to grow moderately during the forecast period. Noticeable growth is expected for the Middle East and Africa region in the years to come.

Some of the key players in CRISPR genome editing market include Editas Medicine, Horizon Discovery PLC., CRISPR Therapeutics AG, Genscript, Sangamo Biosciences, Inc., Caribou Biosciences, Inc., Lonza Group AG, Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Integrated DNA Technologies, New England Biolabs Inc, Origene Technologies Inc., Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sigma-Aldrich Precision Biosciences, Cellectis, Intellia Therapeutics, Inc., Novartis among others.